The Art Of Euclids Writing Essays - Foundations Of Geometry

The Art Of Euclid's Writing In Elements book one, Euclid fuses complex gadgets during the time spent demonstrating a progression of numerical speculations. One complex part of Euclid's composing is his utilization of normal thoughts, for example, the entire being more noteworthy than the part, and proposes, for example, drawing a line from any point to any point. His initial utilization of basic ideas and hypothesizes don't only assist with demonstrating the specific suggestion, however is utilized in later recommendations to convince the peruser of his evidences just as to impart trust in himself and the peruser of the ends he shows up at in the suggestions. Indeed, even before the real suggestions start, Euclid records the basic thoughts and hypothesizes of which he and the peruser concur with. By doing this, Euclid and the peruser believe in the confirmations. In another manner, the words ?basic thoughts? what's more, ?hypothesizes? will be subbed by ?presence of mind? since it is ten focuses which everybody accepts to be valid. For instance, most of the ends in recommendation thirteen were shown up at utilizing basic thoughts. The last three stages in at long last demonstrating recommendation thirteen depended on basic ideas. Since everybody concurs with the normal thoughts, Euclid is certain that he is making a consistent movement in demonstrating that if a straight line set up on a straight line make points, it will make either two right edges or edges equivalent to two right edges. On account of the general understanding of the proposes and the regular thoughts, and by posting them ahead of time, Euclid is sure that he is right whe n he makes presumptions dependent on them. In a similar sense, the peruser likewise holds the ends that Euclid shows up at to be valid. Another likelihood to Euclid's utilization of hypothesizes and basic thoughts is that he frequently utilizes hypothesizes to set up an issue in wording in which he knows to be right and afterward finishes up the suggestion with a typical idea. Euclid is sure that in the event that he can show up at a typical thought for the last advance, he can demonstrate the suggestion utilizing that specific normal idea. A case of this is recommendation two in which his initial phase in demonstrating the suggestion utilizes hypothesize one and by a legitimate movement shows up at regular thought one at long last to demonstrate the recommendation. Another explanation behind Euclid's utilization of regular thoughts and hypothesizes is the craving to convince the crowd that he is right when he utilizes basic ideas to demonstrate proposes. For instance, in recommendation four, which expresses that if two triangles have the different sides equivalent to different sides separately, and have the edges contained by the equivalent straight lines equivalent, they will likewise have the base equivalent to the base, the triangle will be equivalent to the triangle, and the rest of the points will be equivalent to the rest of the edges individually, to be specific those which the equivalent sides subtend, Euclid's last advance alludes to regular thought four, which at last demonstrates the suggestion. Since Euclid realizes the peruser concurs with the normal ideas, he can without much of a stretch convince them when he has a special interest so as to demonstrate a recommendation. Another model is suggestion two, that places at a given poin t (as a furthest point) a straight line equivalent to a given straight line, which is exclusively demonstrated utilizing hypothesizes and basic ideas. For this situation, Euclid can without much of a stretch convince the peruser on the grounds that each progression of the suggestion included either a hypothesize or a typical thought. Since the peruser acknowledges all the hypothesizes and regular thoughts to be valid, Euclid can without much of a stretch convince the peruser when every one of the a suggestion contains is normal ideas and proposes. In another example, Euclid utilizes both a hypothesize and a typical thought to demonstrate one of the means of suggestion fifteen which expresses that if two straight lines cut each other, they make the vertical edges equivalent to each other. By satisfying the states of a hypothesize and a typical idea, the suggestion gives the peruser most likely that the evidence will work. Euclid likewise utilizes a suggestion demonstrated by a typical thought to demonstrate a later recommendation. For instance, recommendations four and ten are associated in this

My Goal In Life free essay sample

My whole life I have for the longest time been itching to turn into a fruitful Mechanical specialist, and graduate from the University of Florida State. One of my objectives in life are to go to the University of Florida State. Another of my objectives is to turn out to be some sort of architect. Be that as it may, at this moment I might want to be a Mechanical architect. To be straightforward I truly don’t realize what made me to need to turn into a designer. Be that as it may, something about designing consistently fascinated me for reasons unknown. Be that as it may, of late my science educator has positively affected me and is truly making me like designing. So I surmise that Mrs. Butterfield has affected me into being a designer. My arrangement b is to be a specialist as well. In any case, this sort of building would simply be anything. To be straightforward I truly don’t read a specific distributions about designing yet I never truly need to. We will compose a custom article test on My Goal In Life or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Likewise I truly don’t know where I could get a distributions or articles about building. The extracurricular exercises that I take an interest in are football and b-ball. To be straightforward I don't accomplish any humanitarian effort yet I do plan to get a few hours before I graduate, at the rec focus over the tracks. I think chipping in is useful for engineers since that will assist them with growing great relationship building abilities. So at long last I believe that chipping in will help me as a future architect with those relationship building abilities. Starting at right now I have exclusive requirements for designing. I feel that designing will be an extraordinary field for me and I will have an incredible profession. In any case, I feel that now and again will be exceptionally hard andchallenging yet I accept that at long last it will be all justified, despite all the trouble, in light of the cash I’m going to get, and how I will be glad to go to work.

stepping back

stepping back Recently I considered sprinkling (read: coating) ramen powder on saltines for a meal, hoping to recreate Chicken in a Biskit  to slowly saturate myself with sodium and MSG. It was not one of my better days. Thanksgiving break finished off a stressful week. After waking up from a pie induced coma, I spent the last few days working on those things I put off for when I have more time sleep, for one, but mostly art. Two hours of bliss in Photoshop, above. Shameless plug: Ill be selling prints soon. Long weekends always kill me. They are a gift, but also a sharp reminder of how easy it is to pass a day without making the most of it. I decided to draw. Expressing myself through color and bad Photoshop layer effects is so paramount in my life that it surprises others and myself when I admit that I havent been doing it as much as Id like to. Ive managed to put this aside with a million reasons. I should be working. I could be sleeping. I should probably go scavenge for real food. Lately its been easy to put off what Id prioritize on any given Sunday morning right now the time I spend working could be spent on soaking up the sun and watching inane animations of cats doing people things. And that scared me a little bit. If youre Facebook friends with anyone between the ages of 11 and 9000, you may have seen this story and liked it, because you thought it was awesome that a paragraph put your life in perspective for at least 45 seconds. Here it is, if youve missed it: When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar and the two cups of coffee.  A professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.  The professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.  The professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous yes.  The professor then produced two cups of coffee from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effec tively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed. Now, said the professor, as the laughter subsided, I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life. The golf balls are the important things in life. Your God, your family, your children, your health, your friends, and your favorite passions, things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full. The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, and your car. The sand is everything else, the small stuff. If you put the sand into the jar first, he continued, there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out to dinner. Play another 18. There will always be time to clean the house and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first; the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand. One of the students raised her hand and inquired what the coffee represented. The professor smiled. Im glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room for a couple of cups of coffee with a friend. In my moments of clarity I can ask myself whats important to me family, friends, health, happiness, and avoiding arteriosclerosis. But there are times here when I forget. There are times when a lab or a pset or a test sneaks up to the top of my list. Its hard to keep it straight. Its easy to forget to check inI dont call my parents nearly enough. Its easy to miss mealsDoritos seem like a reasonable substitute for nutrition more often than not. So how do we remember to step back? I couldnt do it without the anchors in my life my close friends, my parents, my roommate Liz (and Anji and Nicole three doors down), my sorority sisters, my actual big sister, my big, Ruby, who I can look up to, and my little, Jessica, who inspires me to hold everything together so she has a reasonably functional human being that can support her. Oh, and my boss. And on this Thursday night I know I havent quite figured it out, but Im slowly stepping back far enough to move forward in a direction where I dont forget myself and what I love.

Example Of Standardization Of Ikea - 1381 Words

The debate about standardization and adaptation for international markets has continuously attracted more attention from multinational companies for several years. The case of IKEA has however tried to help me in understanding the argument involving these two marketing strategies as applied in the international markets. In global marketing strategy, standardization involves selling products or offering services which are similar, with the same advertising and promotional methods, pricing and location strategies in different countries of the world. On the other hand, adaptation involves selling products or providing services that have various features based on the different markets in varying nations to satisfy the human needs or wants†¦show more content†¦Despite the measures of ensuring that the business maintains a uniform product approach across the globe, the management has assured that it creates different catalogs with different languages to cater for different market targets. For instance, the company prints 212 million records which are in 32 languages and 67 versions to ensure that they satisfy the needs of consumers who have different cultures. This strategy assists the company to have a more significant market share thus improving its sales volume and profit margins. Moreover, it facilitates the company in analyzing the individual market requirements to cater for consumers thus making the consumers feel recognized (Spielmann Delvert, 2014). IKEA has to help me to understand that it would be better for a multinational firm to collaborate the two marketing ways to enjoy many benefits and remain relevant in the ever-changing technological world of business. Cultural differences remain to be one of the critical issues affecting companies that are operating in different countries in the world because marketing strategies that work well for one country may turn to be the worst in a different state. Therefore, multinational firms must undertake an in-depth research to ensure they employ the best business strategies before moving to new markets. Companies who want to penetrate in the international markets must understand whether the potentialShow MoreRelatedInternational Advertising : Theory And Approach925 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the different approaches to international marketing and the issues related to standardization and adaptation, as well as an analysis of promotional variations that stem from the growing global consumer culture. Standardization versus Adaptation There is a continual disagreement within the realms of international advertising about how best to approach the subject. This disagreement is between the standardization of products and services along with the pursuit of a consistent 2 marketing strategyRead MoreThe Self Service System : Ikea And Consumers, And It s Concept856 Words   |  4 PagesThe self-service system brings benefits to both IKEA and consumers, and it’s concept in the market offer many reciprocal benefits to achieve common progress. For IKEA, the innovative service has contributed to the expanding of the corporation and the growth of sales which in turn increase its economic influence and gives it a very competitive advantage. The self-service benefit also helps the standardization of the service system and enables IKEA to achieve the economic scale while reducing costRead MoreHeyy1303 Words   |  6 PagesHow different is different? IKEAs challenge to appeal to local tastes globally. Brief information about IKEA company. IKEA is a privately held, international home products company that designs and sells ready-to-assemble furniture such as beds, chairs, and desks, appliances and home accessories. The company is the worlds largest furniture retailer. Founded in 1943 by 17-year-old Ingvar Kamprad in Sweden, the company is named as an acronym comprising the initials of the founders name (IngvarRead MoreIkea Case Study Analysis1117 Words   |  5 PagesIKEA- Case Study Political Risk Is the possibility that an unexpected and drastic change due to political forces will result in adverse circumstances for business operations. * 1998 the Russian Monetary policy finally collapsed-This caused a MACRO POLITICAL RISK for all companies operating in Russia, including foreign companies. * Due to this INTERNAL THREAT, all foreign companies left the country. IKEA also faced a political risk in Russia in terms of ORGANISED CRIME: Although developingRead MoreIKEA Case Study Pirsoi Teodora C11572 Words   |  7 PagesIKEA – CASE STUDY Is IKEA’s success sustainable? 1. List IKEA’s external and internal challenges. Looking at IKEA’s challenges, which do you think pose the greatest threats? Why? How would you address the challenges? External challenges Opening new stores to drive future growth Finding new sources of supply to support more store openings Find suppliers to be a strategic fit with its highly efficient operations Given the issue of deforestation and the link to global warming, IKEA would need toRead MoreThe Mcdonaldization Of Society By George Ritzer999 Words   |  4 Pagesbest example of how the process can benefit society. World population is expected to reach 10 billion people by 2050 and Earth has already lost a third of its arable land in the last 40 years. It may not be the healthiest of diet plans but McDonald’s provides the cheapest and most nutritious food on a mass-produced scale in human history. McDonald’s is often times cost-effective for cash strapped college students and popular way good samaritans to feed the homeless. II. Using the Ikea exampleRead MoreThe International Marketer Of Overseas Markets1383 Words   |  6 Pagesstandardised marketing communication method to those overseas markets is appropriate. In addition, global media consumption or the adoption of global lifestyles makes it easy to accept the standard global advertisement or other communication tool. For example, when customers travel around the world, if they see the same international brands which they prefer in their own country, they are willing to see the advertisements which remain the same image in their mind. Otherwise, they will feel confused aboutRead MoreStrategies Adopted in the International Market the Case of Ikea in France11879 Words   |  48 PagesSchool of Technology and Society BACHELOR DEGREE PROJECT Strategies Adopted in the International Market The case of IKEA in France Bachelor Degree Project in Business Administration 15 ECTS Spring term 2007 Authors: Damien BADIER and Carole ROUSSET Supervisor: Desalegn ABRAHA Examiner: Marianne KULLENWALL Strategies adopted in the International Market The case of IKEA in France This thesis is submitted by Damien Badier and Carole Rousset to University of Skà ¶vde for the Bachelor DegreeRead MoreEssay on case study ikea2128 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Can you see any alternative entry strategy that IKEA could have applied when entering the Russian market? What would have been the advantages and the disadvantages of these alternative strategies  ? For IKEA there was alternatives strategy for entry the Russian market, as any other foreign market, the options for the company where: †¢ Exporting †¢ Licensing †¢ Joint ventures IKEA can use any of these alternatives but there were not in the same line has the company wanted to be in Russia, so theyRead MoreThe Principles Of Global Marketing1632 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategy of global marketing is necessary for companies to develop new markets. This assignment will firstly explain what global marketing is. After that, it will confer strategy of global marketing in 4Ps (product, price, place, promotion) and some examples. Finally, it will discuss relevancies to society. Explanation Global marketing is a universal and natural discipline. The first reason is people in diverse countries having differences. In addition, the practices of marketing will alter from country

Evaluation of Stress Management for Higher Secondary...

EVALUATION OF STRESS MANAGEMENT FOR HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS IN SALEM DISTRICT-TAMIL NADU 1 Introduction Stress is the body’s General response to any intense physical, emotional or mental demand placed on it by on self or others. Anything can be stressor if it last long enough is perceived as stress. Stress is any situation that evokes negative thoughts and feelings in a person. Being a student can be the most interesting time of one’s life. New friends, new places, new challenges can make a student life stress full. Most students will feel the effect of stress at some point in their studies and a small number of students may feel stressed or depressed for most of the time. Financial worries, dept, exam pressure, burden of course work and relationship problem create lot of pressure on students. Stress management encompasses techniques to equip a person with effective coping mechanisms for dealing with physiological stress. Stress management involves techniques include self management, conflict resolution, positive attitude, self talk, breathing, meditation, exercise, diet and rest. Effective stress management involves learning to set limits for the issues that create stress. The project make and attempt to study whether the students perceiving higher secondary education in Salem district are subject to stress and to what extent they are affected by stress full events occurring during important part of their life. Review of literature A critical issue concerning stressShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowedRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 ResourceRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagesdowntoearth.org.in/webexclusives/site_photos/Site_photos.htm BHOPAL GAS DISASTER [ JANUARY - DECEMBER, 2006] Gas victims bodies celebrate judgement Organisations of Gas victims had celebrated favourable decisions from the Judge John F Keenan of the District Court of New York for the first time in the history of the case regarding the Union Carbide disaster in Bhopal. On January 10, Judge Keenan had issued a letter rogatory for obtaining the documents from Eveready Industries India Limited that could

How to Write a Marketing Research Proposal Free Essays

Step 1 Determine why the research is taking place. A market research proposal must explain the purpose of the research. The abstract at the beginning of the proposal will explain the goals of the research as well as any theories the research is attempting to prove. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Marketing Research Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Step 2 Identify the information needed for the research. Explain the type of research information that is necessary to serve the purpose identified in step one. For example, if the research is on television viewing habits, one type of information needed is the kind of shows being watched as well as the audience that is watching. Different demographics often have different viewing habits, so identifying the information you need is a critical part of the market research proposal. This information is a necessary component in the first third of the proposal. Step 3 Explain the research methods that will be used. You know what information is needed; now detail how you will find it. Will you use a poll? What other measuring tools will you use? Step 4 Explain the cost of the research. The cost is going to influence those making the decisions. Each recommendation you make should include a specific cost breakdown as well as a rating of the importance of that research tool in relation to the others. For example, if you can obtain the same information through two different methods, you should include cost, validity and reliability scales for decision-making. Step 5 Conclude the market research proposal with a summary and recommendation. While the bulk of the proposal should explore all options, the summation should include your recommendations and assessments of all the available options. 6. Step 6 Edit for structure. Be sure to format the market research proposal with an executive summary (abstract/introduction), background (information and research), and a definition of the research or the problem you seek to resolve with the research. Be sure to include objectives, research methods (how information will be gathered and analyzed) and method of reporting. How to cite How to Write a Marketing Research Proposal, Essays

Why Sticking to a Content Schedule Is Important

Why Sticking to a Content Schedule Is Important Learn more about the value of sticking to a content schedule and why consistency really is key for content creation and distribution As you put together a content strategy, you might think carefully about the kind of content you want to publish. However, it may be just as important to think about when you want to publish that content. Most businesses and organizations implement a content schedule, which ensures that content is consistent and reliable. A consistent content strategy can keep readers coming back, maximize engagement and lead to more cohesive content overall. However, there are also some drawbacks that must be considered as you lay out your content schedule.The Benefits of Creating and Sticking to a Content Schedule In almost every case, having a content schedule is a good idea. Although planning out months or even a year of content at once can feel overwhelming, there are clearly many compelling reasons to take on this task and put it to use within your company. Keep R eaders Coming Back ConsistentlyWhether your content is visual or written, users will come back time and time again if they enjoy it or can learn from it. Having new content at regular intervals is positive reinforcement that encourages people to return to your blog, website or social media platforms. A consistent content schedule becomes something that users can rely on, which means they are more likely to make it a habit.If you publish a new blog post every Friday afternoon, for example, readers will start to be conditioned to visit your website at the same time each week. This is a very positive step because they are learning to rely on your content and your brand in a real way. If your posting is sporadic, users are less likely to get in the habit of visiting. Sticking to a structured posting schedule is a smart and relatively easy way to make a good impression on your readers, followers and potential client base. Attract Readers at Peak Times with High EngagementIf you dont have a content schedule, you might find yourself — or other members of your team — posting at odd hours or whenever it is most convenient. Many people find themselves doing this at slow times like evenings or weekends. In theory, this can be a great way to utilize slow work periods. In reality, however, it means that content is being posted at off-peak times for your clients.If you regularly post on a platform like LinkedIn, you may already know that the peak times to post content are during office hours in the week. If your goal is to maximize engagement — and it certainly should be — then posting on the weekends or the evenings is less than ideal. While the peak hours for engagement will vary depending on the platform, the audience demographics and the geographic location, the sentiment remains the same. A regular content schedule means that you can be actively posting at times that will increase eyes on your content and engagement with your brand. Create M ore Content on a Regular ScheduleWithout deadlines and schedules, it is easy to let time slip by without making content a priority. Over a day or two, this might not lead to any serious problems. If it becomes routine, however, it can mean that your companys content creation decreases. With a content schedule, you have plenty of time to plan ahead. You know what is due and when it needs to be completed.Keep in mind that a content schedule isnt just for one person. Instead, it should be accessible to anyone who has a role to play in the content strategy. Whether you hire authors or have an internal marketing team, allow everyone involved to have access to the content schedule. This adds a level of accountability to the schedule, and it also ensures that no one is left in the dark about what needs to be done and when each project has to be completed Plan Out Your Content Strategy More EffectivelyContent ideation is routinely mentioned as one of the most challenging aspects of content creation. Many individuals know that content is such a key part of their online strategy, but they dont know exactly what to write about. Although there are many great tools out there that can help, it can still be a daunting task. One of the best ways to handle content ideation more effectively is to do it all at once.Instead of trying to think of one or two new content ideas each week, spend a few hours and come up with all the content titles at once. Doing this can actually be a more efficient strategy, and it means that you wont repeat ideas or develop content that is too similar to previous work. In short, this approach can allow businesses to think ahead and set up a big picture strategy that can guide their content ideation and creation for weeks or even months at a time.What Your Content Schedule Should Look Like The format of your content schedule is entirely up to your own personal preferences. There are lots of editorial and content calendar suggestions that can guide you , but most people find that a standard calendar works best. In this style, it is easy to see what content is coming up and what needs to be completed on each day. Another great tip is to color code the calendar to help differentiate between content for social media or for your website. If different people are responsible for them, it helps to keep everyone clear and in the loop. Plus, this structure works well if you plan to repost content across multiple platforms or share evergreen content at a later date.The Pitfalls of Sticking to a Content Schedule Clearly, there are many reasons why sticking to a consistent content schedule can be beneficial. However, there are also some pitfalls to consider. By being aware of these common pitfalls, you can avoid them and work toward a better content strategy. Can Be Overwhelming All at OnceA lot of content managers want to work with one piece of content at a time. When that is done, they move onto the next project. These are smaller goals and deadlines, so they can feel a lot more manageable. When you set a goal like establishing a long-term content schedule, the idea alone can be overwhelming. At this stage, many people fall off track and decide not to pursue a consistent schedule for content.To avoid this pitfall, try to break down the schedule into more manageable pieces. For example, you could schedule all your blog content for 90 days at once. Then, you can come back and add in social media cross-posting schedules. Or you could stick with creating one month at a time in advance. Dont feel like you have failed if you dont structure all your content at once. Setting up your content schedule might take time, but in the long run, it will create less stress and make your day-to-day content strategy implementation a lot easier. Might Restrict CreativityAnother common pitfall to a set content schedule is the potential to limit creativity. There may be a concern that if you handle content ideation and scheduling weeks or e ven months in advance, you might be stuck with a concept or an article that is subpar. This is a valid concern, but the solution is to allow content creators to make changes.If you have an entry in your content schedule for a blog post about the best dresses of 2019, your content creator might want to tweak it to reflect their interests or passions. In this case, allow them to do so. As long as you are hitting your desired SEO keywords, content creation should be fluid. Sticking roughly to the plan but allowing for changes along the way leads to the best possible results. Dont stifle creativity in the name of efficiency!A Consistent Content Schedule Doesnt Take News or Big Changes Into Consideration Sticking to a content schedule might be the goal, but too much automation can be problematic. There are many software programs and apps that allow you to schedule the release of content well in advance. These are a fantastic way to save time, but they can cause problems. For example, you might not want to post an article about a shallow topic minutes after a major political debate or a natural disaster. Doing so can seem out of touch or even unkind, depending on the situation.For that reason, it is smart to be flexible. Stay ahead of what will be posted, and make adjustments as necessary. At the same time, dont be afraid to inject new, timely content at the last minute if it is socially and culturally relevant. One great example is when Oreo tweeted out, You can still dunk in the dark, moments after the 34-minute blackout of Super Bowl XLVII. There is no way to pre-plan content like this, but it was instantly viral and a memorable experience for Twitter users.Overall, there is no question that sticking to a content schedule is important. The right tools allow you to stay on schedule and create relevant, timely content throughout the year and across multiple platforms.

Website for Kudler Fine Foods Essays

Website for Kudler Fine Foods Essays Website for Kudler Fine Foods Essay Website for Kudler Fine Foods Essay Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) mission is to provide customers the best produce, wines, and associated needs in an unparalleled customer setting. Kudler brings its customers the finest products from around the world. Kudler Fine Foods wants to improve the functionality of their current website to be more competitive and to offer their unique products to customers everywhere. History The founder of Kudler Fine Foods is Kathy Kudler; she brings knowledge from a previous career as a vice president of marketing. As Kathy relieved her stress by gourmet cooking, she found it hard to find all ingredients in one place. Kathy recognizing a need for an upscale gourmet store in La Jolla, CA, she sought financing with a business plan in hand, and opened her first business June 18, 1998. To Kathy’s surprise, the store was profitable within the first nine months. In 2000, Del Mar became the location for the second store and a third store in Encinitas was in operation in 2003. Kudler Fine Foods is now ready to offer these great products to customers around the world with a new e-commerce website. Sales and Marketing Kudler Fine Foods is experiencing growth in the gourmet market, the time has come to grow in the service area, improve upon the effectiveness of its business and increase loyalty and profitability by increasing the purchasing power of its consumers. If the opportunity is favorable, Kudler Fine Foods will launch stores in Florida and Connecticut. Kudler Fine Foods focus has been on the development of services to the customer and adding a frequent shopper program to help increase profits. Now the business will incorporate the frequent shopping program and sales into the new web design that will take Kudler Fine Foods to the next level of business opportunities. Point of Sale The current Point of Sale (POS) module is NCR RealPOS 30; it gathers customer files and details of items purchased. The POS system permits growth with ecommerce; it can capture the same information online as well as in-store purchases. The new website will interface with the current POS system. Gathering customer information brings on the responsibility to guard personal information. Modern businesses deal with an elaborate system of laws and regulations. Business owners cannot survive without basic knowledge of these laws and regulations. KFF’s business has superior ethics that inspiring to do what is best for the customer, not just try to make a profit. Frequent Shopper Program Kudler Fine Food’s tracks the purchase behavior of the customer at the individual level. KFF provides incentives from joint ventures with companies with a program based on points accumulated from purchases. Kudler customers are not focusing on price; they want quality and variety of gourmet foods. The web is a great place to offer such merchandise to customers by using pictures and videos to offer how- to on using gourmet foods. The firm’s relational attitude often comes to life by the articulation of frontline employees whose characteristics and behaviors’ can apply considerable impact on the results of interactions with the customers according to Arbore, Guenzi, and Ordanini (2007). The same is true with service level for a website; the site must also meet all the needs of the customer. Focus Group The focus group for the development of an e-commerce website will be Kathy Kudler, the Director of store operations, sales staff, accounting clerk, computer support specialist, purchasing manager and IT staff. According to Woodward (2008), a website can expand a company’s geographical reach and its ability to provide customer service at a low cost. Current System The current system is a Norvell 4. 11 server with four POS windows PC’s at each location with a 56k modem connected to the Internet and each store has a standalone UPS modem. La Jolla and Del Mar each have a PC with PII NT server with built-in modem and cd-rom reader and a PC with PC 64 mg ram with windows and office 97 using server, a bubble jet printer and a stand along cd burner. Purpose Kudler Fine Foods is a unique type of store with a unique clientele. There are very few specialty stores in the United States so the use of a website will open a new business to web users to obtain gourmet foods delivered right to their doorstep. In staying with their specialty branding, Kindler’s executives and the sales and marketing department are enthusiastic about the se of the e-commerce website. Detail Design Kudler will need to implement an up-to-date server. We recommend that a server be purchased and the current one scrapped. The server will also need to run a more up-to-date version of the Windows operating system. I recommend Windows server either 2003 or 2008. I chose the Windows server edition because of the company’s already existing famili arity with the Windows server operating system. I also believe that learning the Linux operating system might slow down business operations and this is why in this situation a newer version of Windows would be a more reliable choice. Windows Server 2008 R2 builds on the successes and strengths of its Windows Server predecessors while delivering valuable new functionality and powerful improvements to the base operating system. New Web tools, virtualization technologies, security enhancements, and management utilities help save time, reduce costs, and provide a solid foundation for the information technology (IT) infrastructure (Microsoft. com, 2009). After the purchase of a server, and the launch of the website, we can keep the Kudler Fine Food checkout lanes open around the clock. The website will be written in hypertext mark-up language (HTML). Html is the standard programming language that information for the web is created in. The site will include JavaScript and Ajax with Meta tags to help search engines keep Kudler Fine Foods at the top of search results. We recommend that we change the current Internet access from a 56k dial up modem to modern like a high-speed xdsl or cable internet access. In addition, other options available, but I think cable or xdsl Internet access will give Kudler more than enough Internet bandwidth. This will enable the Kudler website to handle the traffic to their site in a faster manner. The modem upgrade will also enable the company server to send e-mail without worrying about the bottlenecking or choke points that occur due to the limited amount of bandwidth that is available to a dial up network. This will also be an improvement for those employees who need to access the network remotely. After signing up at the website, the customer will have agreed that his or her actions will be tracked while on the website via the user agreement or the terms of service. This will help Kudler tailor its business around the user. This will be more effective because Kudler can suggest the items that the customer is most interested in, and offer deals on those specific products. I believe that this will result in more customers who are pleased with their experience at the Kudler website and more sales for Kudler. This service will also enable customers to create online shopping list, and enable them to pay from home and pick up in store or have the items shipped. Test Process summary After all code is tested, a testing environment will be set up for users to test all web pages on different browsers. Testing for the website will be done using IT staff and in house employees. The functionality must appear seamless while the system must integrate with all aspects of the current POS system with enterprise wide software, online shopping and the Content Delivery Network (CDN). According to O’ Kennon (2010), using (CDN) as a server hosted by a third party, the content will be geographically closer to the users that request the content of the Website from Kudler Fine Foods. This will provide high-quality service quickly to keep the users attention. Software To start the testing, using the website interface and database software, the first step is the testing of the enterprise wide analytics software by integrating the current Access database; this will help expedite the testing and integrating tasks. The current Access database contains all vital records to the company. The enterprise wide software must be able to show the important fields within the database for each department. Testing of this software will be conducted offline to ensure the proper interfacing to the purchasing system works. Sales employees communicate with the customers; they would have firsthand knowledge of what the customer likes. If all looks good offline, then once the server is up and running transition to the website interface will begin. Hardware During the software coding, hardware testing will be used to validate the proper transition. A new server will be purchased and tested within the Kudler system as an addition. Once the server seems viable transferring information from the old servers to the new one will begin. As the software becomes available all testing between hardware will be with the new server. This will ensure that no additional testing will be needed on unused hardware. Testing will include data transfer and communication between location and external Internet connectivity. Support and Maintenance Summary Because Kudler Fine Foods is a smaller company, an offsite support company or outsourcing would make better business sense. The company does not have to employ a service person to maintain the website as well as any hardware for the system. This will be a cost savings for the company; in the event that hardware has problems, they can inform the support company. A super user at each location will help other employees and customers if they have issue that come up with the website. References Arbore, A. Guenzi, P. and Ordanini, A. (October 12, 2007). Loyalty building, relational trade-offs and key service employees: the case of radio DJs. Emerald Journal retrieved April 23, 2010 from the University of Phoenix Microsoft. com. (2009). Microsoft Windows Server Edition 2008R2 Product Information. Retrieved April 23, 2010 from microsoft. com/windowsserver2008/en/us/product-information. aspx O’Kennon, C. (2010). Content Delivery Networks. Retrieved May 7, 2010 from apollolibrary. com/Library/err/ElectronicReserveReadings. aspx. Woodward, K. (2008). Evaluating Web Site Goals and Needs. Retrieved May 7, 2010 from apollolibrary. com/Library/err/ElectronicReserveReadings. aspx.

Deportacin y su procedimiento, causas y perdn

Deportacin y su procedimiento, causas y perdn La deportacià ³n puede afectar a cualquier migrante, indocumentado o legal, e incluso a residentes permanentes legales titulares de una green card. Las causas de deportacià ³n son muy variadas, pudiendo ir desde la presencia ilegal a la comisià ³n de delitos inmorales o agravados.   En cuanto al tiempo que dura todo el proceso puede ser largo, para empezar por las demoras para presentarse en Corte.   Procedimiento de la deportacià ³n en Estados Unidos La deportacià ³n judicial, ordenada por un juez o corte. No confundir con expulsià ³n inmediata ni tampoco con la remocià ³n ordenada por el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Se aplica un tipo de procedimiento u otro segà ºn la naturaleza de la infraccià ³n y de la situacià ³n migratoria de quien la cometa. La deportacià ³n la dicta un juez de una corte migratoria o, si se apela su decisià ³n, entonces es la orden que dicta el BIA, es decir, el tribunal de apelaciones. Es fundamental entender cul es el cargo que se imputa al migrante, buscar un buen abogado, arreglar las actividades diarias para presentarse en corte el dà ­a de la cita y analizar cules son las opciones legales para luchar contra la deportacià ³n. Suspensià ³n deportacià ³n por perdà ³n, asilo, ajuste de estatus o violencia domà ©stica Para poder solicitar y obtener un alivio de la deportacià ³n, deben reunirse una serie de requisitos que varà ­an segà ºn el estatus legal del extranjero. En ningà ºn caso podr ser solicitado por aquellas personas que hayan sido condenadas por un delito agravado (aggravated felony en inglà ©s). Una de las opciones es obtener un  perdà ³n o alivio  que es concedido por un juez, segà ºn su mejor opinià ³n. En cada aà ±o fiscal se pueden conceder hasta un mximo de  4,000 perdones. Tambià ©n es posible suspender la orden de deportacià ³n por ajuste de estatus, asilo o violencia domà ©stica. De hecho, hay hasta nueve recursos legales para luchar la deportacià ³n. En estos casos es muy aconsejable contar con un buen abogado especialista en inmigracià ³n o con un representante acreditado con competencia para llevar el caso. Consecuencias de la deportacià ³n en Estados Unidos La persona deportada no podr regresar a Estados Unidos por un periodo de tiempo que va desde los diez aà ±os  a una prohibicià ³n de por vida para los casos de deportados por haber cometido un delito agravado. Sin embargo, la ley prevà © la posibilidad de solicitar una excepcià ³n waiver, que permita la reentrada antes de cumplirse el tiempo de castigo impuesto. Estos son los posibles perdones que se pueden solicitar, ya que es posible que adems del perdà ³n por la deportacià ³n sea necesario pedir por otras penalidades.   Pero antes de tomar ninguna decisià ³n se debe tener en cuenta si podrà ­a aplicar la proteccià ³n 245(i) para migrantes con peticiones antiguas aprobadas. Si se tiene una orden de deportacià ³n que no se apela o ya se han agotado todas las opciones de lucharla es posible pedir en determinadas circunstancias un aplazamiento o suspensià ³n temporal de la ejecucià ³n de la deportacià ³n. Es lo que se conoce como stay. Salida voluntaria y deportacià ³n: cosas diferentes Puede ser solicitada en determinados casos -est prohibida para los condenados de delitos graves y por actividades terroristas. Si es concedida, el extranjero no tendr prohibida la reentrada a EEUU por ningà ºn periodo de tiempo. Es decir, la salida voluntaria no lleva aparejada la penalidad de aà ±os sin ingresar a Estados Unidos que sà ­ aplica con la deportacià ³n. Bastar con que cumpla los requisitos generales de admisibilidad en la frontera. En este caso, la persona extranjera debe salir del paà ­s dentro del plazo concedido. Si no lo hace podr ser multado y deportado. Consejos para evitar ms problemas Cuando se inicia un proceso de deportacià ³n la mejor opcià ³n es buscar un abogado migratorio y ver cules son todas las opciones para intentar ganar el caso. Es fundamental entender que no presentarse a una cita en corte dar lugar a que el juez dice una orden de deportacià ³n que se conoce como in absentia. Esto quiere decir que el migrante puede ser deportado en cualquier momento, sin derecho a presentarse ante un juez. NOTA: este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

The State of Sovereign Wealth Funds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The State of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Essay Example The commonly utilised value for price volatility is the percentage, which serves to eliminate the problems presented by changing currency values, when presenting volatility of commodities available globally. In most circumstances of international commodity price volatility, economists normally utilise a common currency, like the dollar to represent volatility. International businesses, however, present the calculation of volatility in terms of percentage of a specified figure. Volatility normally revolves around measurement of dispersion observed in numerous securities or market index. The calculation of volatility enables economists to predict the amount of uncertainty existing for given commodities. The uncertainties are normally presented by notable changes observed in the commodity prices. These changes are utilised in making predictions concerning stability of stocks and expected changes, based on previous observations. Volatility represents commodity risk and high volatility in dicates high investment risk in such stocks. The risk is normally presented by anticipated change, with stocks having high volatility being marked as expected to have dramatic price adjustments over a short duration. Price fluctuations remain a fundamental constituent of calculated volatility values established by economist. Stable commodities customarily experience minimal fluctuations; hence lower volatility for such commodities. Stability in commodity prices does not occur often within the free market economies as demand and supply change continuously. Expanding boundaries of national economies dissolving into the global economy have contributed to increased difficulty in management of commodity price volatility. Technological advancements have contributed significantly towards a global shift in the living standards, consequently resulting in increased price volatility. Within the global economy, price control continues to become increasingly difficult because of the existing pol icy discrepancies among different countries. The concept of free market has continued to create an unprecedented, uncontrolled flux in pricing within the global market. Increases in commodity demand against the available supply continue to have a negative impact on the prices, causing increased price volatility. Investors, within the business world, commonly rely on volatility when making numerous investment decisions. Through volatility the individuals can make estimations of expected returns on investments, based on security volatility. Management of volatility remains a fundamental element for investors seeking success in the constantly changing commodity prices in the free market. Though volatility could be utilised in making future predictions, numerous changes could be initiated in the management process of volatility, consequently avoiding the adverse effects created by high volatility. The business decisions made following estimations from volatility consist of numerous assu mptions. One major assumption in estimating volatility remains the unchanging business environment, enabling constant business conditions. Though calculations remain accurate, as they are based on current market prices, the prevailing business conditions resulting to the result cannot remain fixed. Governments, for example, might introduce regulations and policies seeking to protect investors from adverse effects of volatility. Changes in the business

Assessments instead of online discussions and seminar Essay

Assessments instead of online discussions and seminar - Essay Example The purpose of an industry analysis is to assist an industry’s management to create and maintain a competitive advantage that helps a company to prosper in the market. Industry analysis needs to understand the structure of an industry and its attractiveness because it determines the profitability of a business (Hill and Jones, 2010:41). The level of industry profitability is not random but it rather has a systematic influence of the Industry’s structure, which eventually determines the entry and exit barrier. This paper will analyze the industry analysis applied to different industries in European markets (1) - Industry Analysis Analysis of five forces using UK Airline industry as our case study Porter arguers that there are five forces that determines an industry’s competitiveness that may change over time as the industry conditions change. These forces are entry threats, rivalry from existing competitors, threat of substitution, bargaining power of suppliers an d the bargaining power of buyers (Porter, 2008:6). This paper will outline the five forces that the European airline industry put into practice. Competitive rivalry (European airline industry) Competitive rivalry will be the first force to analyze. The purpose of competitive rivalry is to assess the rate of competition within an industry (Porter, 2008:29). Airline industry’s is among the prominent industries globally that exist in an intensive competitive market. In Europe, the top three airlines are Air France, Lufthansa, KLM and British Airways. These airline companies compete against each other for the same customers through prices, technology, in-flight entertainment customer service and other services (Rothkopf, 2009:213). Entrants’ threat New entrants invade the existing market and bring competition and changes in the market environment. The cause of new entrants is the profitability in certain industries, which in turn attracts other businesses who intend to joi n the industry (Porter, 2008:7). European air industry has improved tremendously which has led to attraction to new entrants; however, the cost of entry is becoming higher. The required capital for an airline entering the industry is quite expensive. Competitive substitute The products and services provided in a particular industry usually have the same substitutes elsewhere. This substitute products and services pose a threat because they limit the ability of a firm and their prices (Porter, 2008:25). In our case, the main substitutes that offer other forms of transport are road, rail and marine. The distances between European destinations are relatively small, and people prefer other transport services. More so, the substitute means of transport tend to be cheaper than air transport. Additionally, environmental factors affect air travel because customers tend to see the environmental impacts of air travel as crucial disadvantage. These factors pose threats to the British airways i n the business market. Supplier bargaining power Bargaining power is the ability to influence setting of prices because it assesses the ease of suppliers to hike prices (Porter, 2008:26). Suppliers can influence the profitability of a firm by exerting pressure for both higher and lower prices. The airline industry have little control over the rising fuel prices because there is no alternative source of fuel so far hence leading to the strength of supplier power (Porter,

Link between Sexual Abuse and Feelings of Shame in Victims

Link between Sexual Abuse and Feelings of Shame in Victims Women and Shame: Exploring the Link Between Sexual Abuse and the Shame Experienced by Victims Abstract Change in the culture of the United States and other countries is allowing for more discussion on the topic of sexual abuse, but it has yet to become the norm. Survivors of sexual abuse experience various negative consequences, including shame and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Shame includes, but is not limited to, feeling trapper, powerless, and isolated (Brown, 2006). PTSD experienced by survivors of sexual abuse can lead one to withdraw and succumb to the negative and detrimental effects of sexual abuse (Wilson & Scarpa, 2014). To reduce the severity of PTSD and combat the negative effects of shame on those who experience it, specifically female survivors of sexual assault, it is suggested that there be a focus on deep and sincere connection provided by supportive women figures and other women who have experienced sexual abuse. This support, in addition to individual and group psychotherapy, may provide the needed empowerment to overcome shame and decrease PTSD symptoms ex perienced by survivors of sexual abuse. Women and Shame: Exploring the Link Between Sexual Abuse and the Shame Experienced by Victims Sexual abuse is disturbingly prevalent, particularly among college students. The American Association of Universities (AAU) found that the prevalence of sexual assault in college was 22.2% for undergraduate women, and, of the women who were in their senior year of college, 27.2% reported having been sexually assaulted during their four years (Cantor et al., 2015). However, disclosing this information has not always been easy and still proves to be a challenge. It is a barrier that is at times insurmountable for victims of sexual abuse. Unfortunately, in the United States today, and all around the world for that matter, the act of sexual abuse is not taboo—exposing it and talking about it is (Turner, 1993). Despite research statistics indicating that 16% of adult American women will experience abuse before the age of 18 (Jackson, Calhoun, Amick, Meddever, & Habif, 1990), society has shied away from the discussion of sexual abuse become commonplace in America. Moreover, sexual abuse and its negative effects are all encompassing and prove difficult to overcome. Sexual abuse can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Sexual abuse also affects the relationships that survivors have with others. Survivors may feel that their experience is a private narrative that should not be shared with others, or they may be concerned that others may not think that what happened to them was truly rape or assault; therefore, victims may not choose to disclose this experience to anyone (Filipas & Ullman, 2001). In order to change this negative thinking, women need to provide deep and sincere connection to female abuse survivors that will allow them to feel supported and empowered. Because feelings such as fear, shame, doubt, and confusion post abuse may lead to avoidance coping and a potential diagnosis of PTSD, understanding the negative effects of sexual abuse is vital to understanding how supportive women can help female victims to overcome feeling trapped, powerless, and isolated. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, including rape or other violent personal assault (â€Å"What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,† 2017). People who suffer from PTSD experience disturbing thoughts and feelings related to their traumatic experience for long periods of time after the event has passed. A study done by Feiring and Taska (2005) found that women who had experienced sexual abuse and reported high levels of shame after one year were at greater risk for experiencing high levels of shame after six years, as well. This type of residual shame is characteristic of PTSD in that survivors experience it for long periods of time after their traumatic experience. If more can be done to help survivors of sexual abuse within the first year after their experience, they may be empowered to combat the negative effects of shame and overcome the statistics. This help can be provided through support, understanding, patience, and providing a safe place for survivors of sexual abuse to share their experience. PTSD due to sexual abuse is not the only psychological disorder that affects victims. Research done by Molnar, Buka, and Kessler (2001) found that sexual abuse occurring during childhood was highly correlated with the onset of 14 various psychological disorders in women. In addition, research done by Wilson and Scarpa (2014) indicated that childhood sexual abuse is associated with higher amounts of PTSD symptoms than other forms of childhood abuse. When considering the implications of PTSD, the long-term effects it has on those suffering it, and the potential onset of 14 various psychological disorders (Molnar, Buka, & Kessler , 2001), childhood sexual abuse can lead to a lifelong struggle with mental health and shame if not addressed. Female survivors of sexual abuse can receive the necessary support through deep and sincere connection with other women—connection that is needed to combat PTSD. Sexual abuse is not a one-time action. Sexual abuse of any type leaves one with feelings of worthlessness, shame, and insecurities that require intensive care and effort to overcome. Women cannot be left alone post abuse to question their worth. Researchers have looked to strengthen the link in the relationship between shame and sexual assault in order to provide more clarity for those seeking answers. Studies demonstrated that shame is often a mediator between an experience such as sexual assault and PTSD (DeCou, Cole, Lynch, Wong, Matthews, 2017). While few studies have been done to examine what role social connections play in the recovery process, Hyman, Gold, and Cott (2003) suggested that the most influential predictor of PTSD—self esteem might be able to offset feelings typically experienced with shame. Because shame is a mediator between sexual assault and PTSD, targeting it by means of connection will minimize its power and role in bringing those symptoms to the forefront. In addition, because 70% of sexual abuse victims will tell someone about their experience—typically a friend (Fisher, Daigle, Cullen, & Tanner, 2003), overcoming the barriers that delay disclosure may prove helpful in providing a safer and more supportive environment for survivors of sexual abuse. Survivors may be able to seek the support they need and share the motions that they are feeling in a much more efficient manner (Ullman, Foynes, & Tang, 2001). Because of the safety that close relationships can provide, the focus on their role in recovery must be emphasized, because survivors can benefit by sharing the emotions of that experience instead of carrying them alone. One of the most prevalent emotions felt by victims of sexual abuse is shame. Shame is an intensely painful feeling or experience of believing one is flawed and therefore unworthy of acceptance and belonging. This strong emotion can lead survivors to feel trapped, powerless, and isolated (Brown, 2006). No victim of sexual abuse should have to face these experiences and emotions alone. Although the shame experienced by female victims of sexual abuse can be a difficult psychological construct to measure consistently across sample populations, deep and sincere connections among women, along with individual and group psychotherapy, may play a vital role in empowering females to combat the negative effects of shame. Women who maintain supportive interpersonal relationships post-abuse are uniquely empowered to feel less trapped, powerless, and isolated. Interpersonal Relationships While those directly involved with sexual abuse are the true victims, friends, peers, and family members to whom this negative experience is disclosed are also impacted by the negative consequences. Victims of sexual abuse are typically not prepared for what they experience, and neither are those they reach out to for support. Each person to whom this information is disclosed responds differently. Wile the majority tend to respond positively, there are some who do respond negatively (Ahrens & Campbell, 2000). Some results have shown that negative reactions include, but are not limited to, feelings sorry for the victims, blaming the assault on the victim instead of the perpetrator, and minimizing the seriousness and effect of the event (Popiel & Susskind, 1985). This negative response typically comes from a place of unpreparedness. Sexual abuse has far-reaching effects, and those who are indirectly affected (and their response to the survivors) should be examined. By providing education to peers and familial supports, in addition to providing a safe place for survivors of sexual assault to disclose their abuse experience, peers and familial supports will likely respond in a way that fosters trust, confidence, and courage. According to George, Winfield, and Blazer (1992), the majority (59% to 91%) of sexual assault victims disclose the event to family and friends because they view them as helpful and/or supportive. Very few report the information to formal agencies such as the police, the hospital, or a formal rape center. Research done by Ullman (1996) tested friends of rape victims and determined that participants did not feel more distressed than normal when they were told their friend was a victim of sexual assault. The results further showed that the friends were angry at the perpetrator and wanted to seek revenge but otherwise maintained positive feelings towards the survivor (Ullman, 1996). Because the results can vary from friend to friend, it is imperative that friends, family members, and supporters of survivors of sexual abuse are educated on their role in the process of recovery and healing. Sexual abuse affects more than just those who experience it first hand, it also impacts those who are trusted enough to help bear the weight and seriousness of this horrible experience. Exploring shame, one of the consequences of sexual abuse more thoroughly, will provide clarity to the healing process that survivors of undergo and the important role that women play in empowering female survivors to overcome their experience. Oftentimes, abuse-related shame is created by the secretive context under which it takes place, including threats to stay silent and not disclose the event to anyone and condemnation from the perpetrator towards the victim (Feiring & Taska, 2005). This shame can then lead one to feel trapped, powerless, and isolated (Brown, 2006). Shame requires a sense of self and an ability to compare oneself against a cultural standard (Feiring & Taska, 2005). Having a better understanding of shame will not only allow female survivors of sexual abuse to take steps towards healing, but will also help peers, family members, and friends to support survivors along this path. Feeling Less Trapped The word trapped is often thought of in the context of not being able to escape. Female survivors of sexual abuse often feel trapped by their experience. Researchers found that a consistent result of shame is an avoidance response so severe tat the individual prefers to hide rather than expose themselves (Barrett, Zahn-Waxler, & Cole, 1993). Additionally, shame promotes cognitive avoidance which is an intentional effort to avoid dealing with a stressor (Berliner & Wheeler, 1987). Because shame produces avoidance, both cognitively and behaviorally, survivors, as well as those who support them, need to understand the significant effect that deep and sincere connections can have on survivors while working through abuse-related shame. Turner (1993) stated that â€Å"the process of sharing feelings with others and realizing that other people feel the same way provides a sense of relief and makes people feel less frightened and not so alone† (para. 12). Being able to reach out for h elp and seek connection, the opposite of avoidance, will likely improve the survivor’s ability to overcome shame and empower her to fight the feelings of isolation that she experiences. Feeling Less Powerless As suggested by Brown (2006), sexual abuse survivors find that producing effects strong enough to counter the shame caused by sexual abuse very difficult. Because shame produces so many emotions, survivors have difficulty feeling empowered enough to get to the core of their abuse and begin healing. Survivors are often stuck in the secondary emotions: shame, guilt, anxiousness, helplessness, and hurt (E. Harwood, personal communication, November 1, 2017). In a study done by Berliner and Wheeler (1987), survivors of sexual abuse typically got to the core of their abuse and began healing by gradually exposing their abuse situation through talking about or abreaction, the expression and emotional discharge of repressed emotion (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2017). If female survivors of sexual abuse can experience abreaction, in addition to the support of deep and sincere connections with other women, then they may be able to reach the core of their abuse and begin to explore to real emotions that they are feeling. Survivors will likely gain power over their abuse each time it is exposed through the help of therapists, peers, and family supports. Survivors may begin to feel empowered and start to overcome the complexity of the shame that they experience. They may also find the power to keep seeking connections necessary to overcome feelings of isolation. Feeling Less Isolated The confusion, betrayal, and loneliness that survivors of sexual abuse experience are conflicting emotions and tend to run deep. Because sexual abuse can come by means of close friends, family members, trusted individuals (or associates), isolation seems to be the fitting response when considering that a trusted person could be the perpetrator of such acts. Survivors typically need to rebuild trust, and this can be done through forming deep and sincere connections with women among whom they feel comfortable or women who have experienced something similar. Bass and Davis (1988) found that as women speak to each other about past traumatic experiences, they are able to put more distance between themselves and the pain. That ability led survivors to feel less victimized and more connected with those to whom they were talking (Bass & Davis, 1988). If female survivors can come to trust the deep and sincere connections the form with fellow women, ten they will be able to feel less isolated through talking about their experiences. In addition, survivors will likely feel more empathy and sympathy from those around them and begin to feel that they are not alone but rather surround by people who understand them and their experiences. They will begin to feel connected. Empowerment through Connection Human beings thrive off of feelings of belonging. On Maslow’s Hierarch of Needs, the need to belong is most important after basic needs and safety and security. Further, it is often said that the opposite of addiction is not sobriety but rather connection. If connection is powerful enough to help one to overcome or avoid addiction completely, how important is it then for one seeking to overcome the shame that comes from sexual abuse? Baumeister and Leary (2000) described the â€Å"need to belong or need to develop and maintain meaningful social bonds as a ‘fundamental human motivation’ that lies beneath a myriad of human interaction and behavior†(P#). On that premise, the desire for connection and feelings of belonging come naturally and should not be ignored. In a study done by Llabre and Hadi (1997) that examined children in Kuwait who had experienced trauma, data showed that girls who experienced trauma and perceived low levels of support experienced the highest levels of PTSD symptoms. By providing support to female survivors of sexual abuse through deep and sincere connection from fellow women, these PTSD symptoms may diminish. Whether survivors of sexual abuse prefer avoidance or connection, as observed earlier, friends and familial support must be understanding. If the proper support can be given to victims soon after the abuse occurs, then they symptoms of PTSD may decrease and the natural desire for connection and belonging will likely be satisfied. That help alone may empower female survivors of sexual assault to push through the shame they feel and move forward through the process of healing. The need for connection is not merely a desire to have friends. Satisfying the need for connection can help one to avoid depression, anxiety, and loneliness. The need for connection also elicits goal-oriented behavior (Baumeister & Leary, 2000). In a study done on 160 women who had experienced sexual abuse in their childhood, women who perceived that they had social support reported a significant reduction in depression and other symptoms of PTSD (Hobfoll et al., 2002). Knowing that a need for connection will inspire goal-oriented behavior and combat depression, loneliness, and anxiety, support provided by women can help to counteract the feelings of isolation and powerlessness that female survivors of sexual abuse experience. By building and strengthening deep and sincere connections, survivors will feel less isolated and be empowered to combat the negative effects of shame. Sharing Experiences   While group therapy and individual therapy are great additions to the therapeutic process, sharing the experience outside of therapeutic groups is an additional support. According to a national study done in Sweden, 46% of all Swedish women surveyed had experienced some form of sexual violence since the age of 15 (Ormon, Sunnqvist, Bahtsevani, Tostensson Levander, 2016). Because of these results, further research was done in a women’s general psychiatric clinic. The follow-up study found that women preferred to share their abuse experiences with their peers more so than with staff (Ormon, Sunnqvist, Bahtsevani, Tostensson Levander, 2016). This research demonstrated that survivors of sexual assault tend to be more willing to disclose their experience to trusted women or those who have experienced something similar. Because of this level of trust that is extended to those without therapeutic licensure, fellow women must be aware of the impact they have o those who wish to sh are their experiences. Deep and sincere connection outside of individual and group psychotherapy may supplement the help that is provided there. While research on the view point of friends and family is minimal, some research has been conducted on the matter. Ahrens and Campbell (2000) reviewed the responses of friends to survivors and found that those to whom the information is disclosed are conflicted by wanting to help and support but feel powerless and unhelpful. These same researchers surveyed college students again and found that women are more empathic, especially if they have their own history of sexual assault, blame the experience on the survivor less often than men, and see more positive changes in their relationship with the survivor (Ahrens & Campbell, 2000). Contrary to these findings, Banyard, Maynihan, Walsh, Cohn, and Ward (2010) cited significant responses indicating that friends to whom sexual assault is disclosed feel anger and distress. Because of the inconsistency in responses to sexual assault, there is a need to continue educating peer and familial supports on the role the play in the healing process. By providing this education and spending more time talking about their role, survivors may be able to find deep and sincere relationships with those to whom they disclose their experience to and will likely be able to overcome the shame that stems from sexual assault. Conclusion A community, a culture, a friend, or a family member that provides safety and refuge for survivors of sexual abuse is positioned at the forefront of changes that need to be made. Sexual abuse is experience by more friends and family than is made known and healthy and positive support is owed to them. While sexual abuse is an emerging topic in the world of open discussions, understanding the trail of negative effects that is left behind in its wake is only beginning to be explored. PTSD experienced by survivors of sexual abuse is long term and fosters feelings of inadequacy and hopelessness. In addition, survivors that experience high levels of PTSD within the immediate year following their experience are likely to maintain that high level for a minimum of six years (Feiring & Taska, 2005). PTSD can also accompany 14 other psychological disorders that women are prone to develop after experiencing sexual abuse (Molnar, Buka, & Kessler, 2001). It is difficult and potentially impossible to determine a fix-all for symptoms and effects of PTSD, but it is not impossible to challenge it. PTSD can be challenged and combatted through deep and sincere connection that allows survivors of sexual assault to feel empowered, heard, and supported. Fortunately for survivors of sexual abuse, studies have also shown that they will often be positively received when disclosing their traumatic experience to friends, family, and trusted figures (Ahrens & Campbell, 2000). Unfortunately, there will be some who perceive them negatively, blame the vent on them, and cut off communication and support (Popiel & Susskind, 1985), but by allowing for sexual abuse to be a commonplace conversation and providing safe settings for that to happen, the negative reactions be minimized further. With this positive support, female survivors of sexual abuse will begin to work through the negative effects of abuse-related shame: feeling trapped, powerless, and isolated. Survivors of sexual abuse, women in particular, need each other. By providing deep and sincere connection to those effected by sexual abuse, they will likely feel empowered to overcome the shame that envelops them, because they will feel connected, they will feel included, and they will ex pose the abuse that they experienced. Additional research on the effects of deep and sincere relationships among women should be conducted to better understand their influence as more is being done to provide help for survivors of sexual abuse. Providing education on the importance of supportive peers and families and the positive effects that they have on victims may decrease the amount of psychological disorders and long-term effects that sexual abuse can leave in its wake. Research should therefore be done that explores more in depth the emotion of shame and the role that it plays n recovery from sexual abuse.    References Ahrens, C. E., & Campbell, R. (2000). Assisting rape victims as they recover from rape: The impact on friends.  Journal of Interpersonal Violence,  15(9), 959-986. doi:10.1177/088626000015009004 American Psychiatric Association. (2017). What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/ptsd/what-is-ptsd Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., Walsh, W. A., Cohn, E. S., & Ward, S. (2010). Friends of survivors: The community impact of unwanted sexual experiences.  Journal of Interpersonal Violence,  25(2), 242-256. doi:10.1177/0886260509334407 Barrett, K. C., Zahn-Waxler, C., & Cole, P. M. (1993). Avoiders versus amenders: Implications for the investigation of guilt and shame during toddlerhood? Cognitionand Emotion, 7, 481-505. Bass, E., & Davis, L. (1988).  The courage to heal: A guide for women survivors of child sexual abuse. New York, NY, US: Perennial Library/Harper & Row Publishers. Retrieved from  https://www.lib.byu.edu/cgibin/remoteauth.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=1988-97592-000&site=ehost-live&scope=site Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2000). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. In E. T. Higgins, A. W. Kruglanski, E. T. Higgins (Ed) & A. W. Kruglanski (Ed) Eds.), (pp. 24-49). New York, NY, US: Psychology Press. Retrieved from  https://www.lib.byu.edu/cgibin/remoteauth.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2000-12688-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site Berliner, L., & Wheeler, J. R. (1987). Treating the effects of sexual abuse on children.  Journal of Interpersonal Violence,  2(4), 415-434. doi:10.1177/088626058700200407 Brown, B. (2006). Shame resilience theory: A grounded theory study on women and shame.  Families in Society,  87(1), 43-52. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.3483 Cantor,  D.,  Fisher,  B.,  Chibnall,  S.,  Townsend,  R.,  Lee,  H.,  Bruce,  C., &  Thomas,  G.  (2015). Report on the AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct.  Washington, DC: Association of American Universities. Retrieved from  https://www.aau.edu/uploadedFiles/AAU_Publications/AAU_Reports/Sexual_Assault_Campus_Survey/AAU_Campus_Climate_Survey_12_14_15.pdf DeCou, C. R., Cole, T. T., Lynch, S. M., Wong, M. M., & Matthews, K. C. (2017). Assault-related shame mediates the association between negative social reactions to disclosure of sexual assault and psychological distress.  Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,  9(2), 166-172. doi:10.1037/tra000018 Feiring, C., & Taska, L. S. (2005). The persistence of shame following sexual abuse: A longitudinal look at risk and recovery.  Child Maltreatment,  10(4), 337-349. doi:10.1177/1077559505276686 Filipas, H. H., & Ullman, S. E. (2001). Social reactions to sexual assault victims from various support sources.  Violence and Victims,  16(6), 673-692. Retrieved from  https://www.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/remoteauth.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2002-12346-006&site=ehost-live&scope=site Fisher, B. S., Daigle, L. E., Cullen, F. T., & Turner, M. G. (2003). Reporting sexual victimization to the police and others: Results from a national-level study of college women.  Criminal Justice and Behavior,  30(1), 6-38. doi:10.1177/0093854802239161 George, L. K., Winfield, I., & Blazer, D. G. (1992). Sociocultural factors in sexual assault: Comparison of two representative samples of women.  Journal of Social Issues,  48(1), 105-125. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1992.tb01160 Hobfoll, S. E., Bansal, A., Schurg, R., Young, S., Pierce, C. A., Hobfoll, I., & Johnson, R. (2002). The impact of perceived child physical and sexual abuse history on Native American womens psychological well-being and AIDS risk.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,  70(1), 252-257. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.70.1.252 Hyman, S. M., Gold, S. N., & Cott, M. A. (2003). Forms of social support that moderate PTSD in childhood sexual abuse survivors.  Journal of Family Violence,  18(5), 295-300. doi:1025117311660 Jackson, J. L., Calhoun, K. S., Amick, A. E., Maddever, H. M., & Habif, V. L. (1990). Young adult women who report childhood interfamilial sexual abuse: Subsequent adjustment.  Archives of Sexual Behavior,  19(3), 211-221. doi:10.1007/BF01541547 Llabre, M. M., & Hadi, F. (1997). Social support and psychological distress in Kuwaiti boys and girls exposed to the gulf crisis.  Journal of Clinical Child Psychology,  26(3), 247-255. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2603_3 Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2017). Abreaction. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Molnar, B. E., Buka, S. L., & Kessler, R. C. (2001). Child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology: Results from the national comorbidity survey.  American Journal of Public Health,  91(5), 753-760. doi:10.2105/AJPH.91.5.753 Ormon, K., Sunnqvist, C., Bahtsevani, C., & Levander, M. T. (2016). Disclosure of abuse among female patients within general psychiatric care: A cross sectional study.  BMC Psychiatry,  16  Retrieved from  https://www.lib.byu.edu/cgibin/remoteauth.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2016-15202-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site Popiel, D. A., & Susskind, E. C. (1985). The impact of rape: Social support as a moderator of stress.  American Journal of Community Psychology,  13(6), 645-676. doi:10.1007/BF00929794 Turner, S. (1993). Talking about sexual abuse: The value of short-term groups for women survivors.  Journal of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama & Sociometry,  46(3), 110-121. Retrieved from https://www.lib.byu.edu/cgibin/remoteauth.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=1994-26536-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site Ullman, S. E. (1996). Do social reactions to sexual assault victims vary by support provider?  Violence and Victims,  11(2), 143-157. Retrieved from  https://www.lib.byu.edu/cgi-bin/remoteauth.pl?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=1997-07861-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site Ullman, S. E., Foynes, M. M., & Tang, S. S. S. (2001). Benefits and barriers to disclosing sexual trauma: A contextual approach.  Journal of Trauma & Dissociation,  11(2), 127-133. doi:10.1080/15299730903502904 Wilson, L. C., & Scarpa, A. (2014). Childhood abuse, perceived social support, and posttraumatic stress symptoms: A moderation model.  Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy,  6(5), 512-518. doi:10.1037/a0032635 Appendix Figure 1. Type of response experienced by survivors of sexual assault when disclosing their experience to family and/or friends. Adapted from â€Å"Assault-Related Shame Mediates the Association Between Negative Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Assault and Psychological Distress,† by C. DeCou, T. Cole, S. Lynch, M. Wong, & K. Matthews, 2017, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, (2)9, p. 169.

Sunsilk in Bangladesh

Marketing Plan Of SUNSILK SUNSILK Prepared for: Asif Mahfuz Adjunct Faculty of School Of Business University Of Liberal Arts Bangladesh Username: Sabrin Trisha Password: ZX7Yoxd05bpP Prepared By: Student’s Name| Student’s Id| Sabrina Haque| 102011026| Course Name : Principles of Marketing Course Code : BUS 206 Section : 04 Submission Date : 30 May, 2012 Spring 2012 Letter of Transmittal 5 May, 2012 Mr. Asif Mahfuz Adjunct Faculty of School Of Business University Of Liberal Arts BangladeshHouse # 56, Road # 4/A (Satmosjid Road) Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1205 Bangladesh. Dear Sir; Subject: Submission of the Final Report on â€Å"Sunsilk(hair care consumer product†. We are very glad to submit the report on â€Å"Sunsilk† that you have assigned. This is our report where we have tried to find out the key factors that you assigned upon us. This report extends our knowledge and will help us in the future. Thank you very much for giving us such kind of opportunity to e nrich our knowledge and skills under your observation.We would like to thank you for your valuable guidance in every problem we had and the precious time that you gave us. We will be available for any further clarifications required. Sincerely, Student’s Name| Student’s Id| Signature| Sabrina Haque| 102011026| | Farhana Rahman| 102011009| | Farhan Tanvir| 102011014| | Sharmin Sultana| 102011008| | Table of contents Sl. No| Title| Page No| | Executive Summary| | 1| Background of Sunsilk a) History b) Milestone| 78| 2| Company Analysis of Sunsilk| 10| 3| Mission of Sunsilk| 11| | Vision of Sunsilk| 11| 5| Goal of Sunsilk| 11| 6| Segmentation | 11| 7| 4p’s of Sunsilk a) Product b) Price c) Promotion i. Media plan for Sunsilk ii. Creating an advertise for Sunsilk d) Place | 121415161720| 8| Market Scenario of Sunsilk a) Target Market b) Market Share c) Mind Share d) Heart Share| 21212222| 9| Competitive Strategies of Sunsilk a) Defining a Strategic Objective b) Expa nding the Total Market— i. New Customer ii. More Usage iii. Regular Customer c) Choosing General Strategy— i.Flank Attack ii. Frontal Attack iii. Bypass Attack| 232324| 10| Competitive Rivalry Positions of Sunsilk a) Availability of Many/Equally Balance Comp Competitors b) Industrial Growth Declines— i. Industrial Stage ii. Growth Stage Maturity iii. Stage Decline Stage c) BCG Marketing of Sunsilk d) High Fixed Cost & Storage Cost of Sunsilk e) Low Switching Cost of Sunsilk| 2525262727| 11| Threat of Substitution Product of Sunsilk a) Buyer’s Low Switching Cost b) Substitute Product’s Price is Lower c)Substitution Product’s Quality &Performance is Greater/Equal to Existence Product| 282828| 12| THE POWER OF BUYERS a) Buyers are Larger and Few in Number b) Buyers purchase a large portion of Industry’s total output c) Buyers switching costs low d) Buyers can pose threat to integrate backward into the Seller’s Industry| 29303030| 13| THE POWER OF SUPPLIERS a) Suppliers are large and few in number b) Suitable Substitution Products Are Not Available c) Individual Buyers Are Not Large Customers of Suppliers d) Suppliers Goods Are Critical to Buyer’s Success e) Supplier’s Products Create High Switching Cost f) Suppliers Can Pose Threat to Forward Integration to Buyer’s Industry| 313132323232| 14| SWOT Analysis a) Strength, b) Weakness, c) Opportunities, d) Threats. | 33333333| 15| Recommendations| 35| 16| Conclusion| 36| 17| Annexure| 37| EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sunsilk Shampoo’s are under the flag of Unilever is a very famous international product. Sunsilk was launched in the UK in 1954 & by 1959 it was available in 18 different countries worldwide. Sunsilk is the largest beauty shampoo brand in the Bangladesh. Currently, Sunsilk products are available in over 50 countries throughout Asia, Middle East, North Africa and Latin America, where is known as Sedal.This executive summery describes the history, company analysis, mission, vision, 4p’s of Sunsilk shampoo such as- variety in consumer products, price, distribution objectives, Competitive Strategies of Sunsilk, Competitive rivalry position of Sunsilk, B. C. G Marketing of Sunsilk, Threat of substitute’s products. Mind share, Market share and Heart share are also included here, which helps to understand about consumer perception about the Sunsilk product. What competitive strategies Sunsilk follows is also included in this report. The Power of Buyer & Power of Supplies to Sunsilk is not a threat to Sunsilk shampoo. Marketing programs and promotional activities are clearly and briefly covered in this report. Finally, in the end recommendations are given that what strategy should Sunsilk follow to meet the strategies and market share of their competitors. 1. Background of SunsilkSunsilk Shampoo’s are under the flag of Unilever is a very famous international product. Sunsilk is the largest beauty shampoo brand in the Bangladesh. Positioned as the ‘Hair Expert' by 1959, it was available in eighteen different countries worldwide. Currently, Sunsilk products are available in over 50 countries throughout Asia, The Middle East, North Africa and Latin America, where is known as Sedal. 1. a) History Sunsilk was launched in the UK in 1954, and by 1959 it was available in 18 different countries worldwide. At the time, Sunsilk had an advantage over other shampoos in the market as it only needed one application, and so meant washing less natural oils from the hair. In 1956, Sunsilk cream shampoo for dry hair was launched. * In 1958, a new transparent polythene tube for the liquid shampoo was introduced as an alternative large size pack to the bottle. Sunsilk was also available in such tubes. * In 1959, it was available in eighteen countries worldwide. * In 1960, Sunsilk Tonic shampoo was launched, containing skin healing ingredient * Allenton – designed to help keep the sc alp free from infection. * In 1961, Sunsilk Liquid shampoo was re-launched to Sunsilk Beauty, because ‘Liquid’ in the name, originally used to distinguish the product from powdered shampoos had become meaningless as the majority of shampoos were now in liquid form. In 1962, Sunsilk was marketed as a range of shampoos for different hair types. Sunsilk significantly improved product formula and launched new variants in 1966: the first major shampoo to contain oliv oil, which acted as conditioner to make hair soft and manageable; shampoo for dull hair, which restored hair’s natural shine; lemon shampoo for greasy hair with deep cleansing ingredients. * Sunsilk hair spray was first launched in 1964 to enter an expanding hair-spray market, but in 1966 a new product formula was developed which gave hold, even in damp weather whilst still caring for hair. The hair spray contained a French perfume and could easily be removed by brushing or shampooing it out. In 1969, all Sunsilk shampoo was re-packaged in new PVC bottles, which were larger than traditional glass bottles for the same price. * Sunsilk conditioner was launched in 1971 with three variants for dry, normal and greasy hair. In 1973, Sunsilk launched an aerosol dispensed setting lotion. An economy size shampoo bottle was introduced for Sunsilk in 1974. * In 1975, Sunsilk became the biggest name in hair care with 1,000,000 packs being sold every week. * In 1980, the whole Sunsilk range was re-launched, with improved formulations and packaging design to bring the brand into the 1980s. * In 1985, Sunsilk styling mousse was launched and 2 years later a conditioning mousse followed. In 1989, Sunsilk introduced with three variants related to hair type endorsement of a hair stylist was the first step in building the image of brand as health care expert. * In 2000, to strengthen the brand UPL decided to prelaunch Sunsilk premium range consisting of four variants in January. * In 2001, Sunsilk move d into the hair colourant market for Asian-type dark hair, offering a range of seven permanent colors from natural black to copper with purple, red and gold tints. * In 2003, Sunsilk launched a new range of shampoos and conditioners, which were developed to meet women’s hair needs and reflect the way women, think about their hair.The fake institute (a trademark by Sedal) â€Å"Elida Hair Institute† developed the products in response to market research. Each product contained a unique formulation of ingredients, combining the best from natural and scientific worlds to help combat common hair problems. 1. b) Milestone Sunsilk starts working as consumer product from 1954 in Uk and now it is an international product. In these days Sunsilk did some special achievements which smoothed its way. Such as – Years| Activities | 1954| Sunsilk first launched in the UK. | 1955| First advertisement of Sunsilk appeared on TV. | 1959| Available in 18 countries worldwide. | 1964| Launch of Sunsilk hair spray. | 1968| Sunsilk shampoo re-packaged in PVC bottles. | 1971| Launch of Sunsilk conditioner. | 975| Sunsilk became the biggest name in hair care. | 1989| Introduced 3 variants related to hair type endorsement| 2000| Prelaunch Sunsilk premium range consisting of four variants| 2003| Sunsilk glossy magazine launched in Argentina| 2008| Social networking site Gang of Girls was introduced in India. | 2. Company Analysis of Sunsilk Name | Sunsilk Shampoo| Logo| | Category | Consumer Product | First Launched In| 1954| First Launched At| United Kingdom| Produced By| Unilever Group| Main Theme Of This Product | It knows you, and hence knows exactly what your hair needs| Total Hair Expert | 7| Available In | 50 countries throughout Asia. | Sector | FMCG|USP | Popular hair care brand having product for all types of hair| Tagline/ Slogan | For Expert – Touched Hair; Life Can’t Wait; All you need is Sunsilk| Segment | Personal Hair Care Shampoo availab le in multiple variants| Target Group| Girls in the age group from 16 to 40| Positioning | The Sunsilk hair care range provides a complete hair care solution and functions as a 3-step combination of cleansing, nourishing and manageability| 3. Mission Of Sunsilk Sunsilk’s mission is to add vitality to life. We meet everyday needs for personal care with brands that help people feel good, look good and get more out of life. 4. Vision Of Sunsilk To earn the love and respect of India, by making a real difference to every consumer is the xision of Sunsilk 5. Goal Of SunsilkSunsilk was launched in the UK in 1954. It was available in eighteen different countries worldwide. Currently, Sunsilk products are available in over 50 countries throughout Asia, The Middle East, North Africa and Latin America. Sunsilk’s goal is to be the number one shampoo of the whole consumer product market as soon as possible. 6. Segmentation | Child| Female| Male| High Price| Johnson| Fiama D WillsDo ve, Loreal | Revlon,Loreal| Low Price| Meril| Clear,Head & Shoulder| Sunsilk,Clinic Plus| 7. 4p’s of Sunsilk 7. a) Product Currently, the range consists of: * Yellow Sunsilk with Bio Proteins from Vegetable Extracts: Normal hair needs wholesome nourishment.New Sunsilk with Bio Protein extracted from Vegetable milk has nutrients that deeply penetrate each hair strand, to nourish it leaving hair strong and beautiful. * Black Sunsilk with Melanin from Plant Extracts: Dull hair needs a rich black shine. New Sunsilk with Melanin extracted from plants serves this purpose very effectively. It helps in the growth and retention of the black color of hair, giving it a rich black shine. * Green Sunsilk with Fruitamins Vitamins from fruit Extracts: Thin and limp hair needs extra body and volume. New sunsilk with Fruitamins has natural extracts from fruit that contains Vitamins. These vitamins help in giving extra body, shine and amazing manageability to the thinning and lifeless hair. Pi nk Sunsilk with yoghurt proteins : Dry hair needs wholesome conditioning, extra shine and style. New Sunsilk with yoghurt proteins makes the dry hair full of life. Its especial ingredients moisturize each hair right to its tips leaving it shiny and beautiful. * Orange Sunsilk with active nutrients from Citrus Extracts: The advanced formula of orange Sunsilk is the result of the latest research. This shampoo is especially designed for oily hair type that looks flat and greasy due to the excess of moisture. New sunsilk with active ingredients from citrus extracts cleans the excess oil off hair while its nutrients deeply penetrate each hair strand to nourish it.Buying Rate of Consumers of Sunsilk Shampoo 7. b) Price UNILEVER claims to practice value-based pricing in which the customers’ perception of the product’s price provides a starting point for developing the marketing mix of the product. The research department determines this price usually by using focus groups. Th e price of Sunsilk shampoo sachets shows how the price also reflects a concern to make the purchase more convenient, since the rupee is denoted in this value. A present market price example of Sunsilk and Dove shampoo can easily show this – Sunsilk| Cost| **| Dove| Cost| 200ml| 140/=| **| 200ml| 170/=| 700ml| 500/=| **| 700ml| 600/=|Mini pack| 2/=| **| Mini pack| 3/=| So as per the market segmentation of shampoo in Bangladesh, Sunsilk (Unilever) provides same quantity of shampoo like other brands but comparatively in low price 7. c) Promotion There a number of ways to advertise both local and global brands in the market. Some of the very common means through which advertisement is done include: * Electronic Media: Electronic Media has been the major factor in determining the global success of Sunsilk. In today’s world where an average middle class individual has access to 30 to 40 channels through the cable minimum, has the ability to view different types of advertisem ent just flipping the channels.Thus the consumer of today is so well posted on the fact that whenever a new product is launched, is it in the United Kingdom or in the United States, a consumer living in Asia would be well aware of the features of the products and he would know who the company is targeting. * Print Media: Print Media advertisement is one of the common ways of advertising. The print media including the magazines, newspapers and brochures are relied upon a lot. In print media, the importance of placing the advertisement plays an imperative part in increasing the sales of the product. * Billboards: Billboards have become one of the most influencing ways to advertise in our world. Everyone can see a whole advertisement like you watch on your own televisions or the type of moving and animated type of advertisements that you can see on the billboards happen to be very much in fashion.Sunsilk also has nearly all of its products on the billboards when either it’s laun ching a new ad, coming up with price promotions or re launching any product. These ads seem to be appearing all the time, which is really good for the company, as they are easily attracting the customers in every possible manner. * Giving out free Samples: When the new Sunsilk Black was introduced, what the company did was, to create awareness amongst the youth they went to schools and colleges and distributed free samples of the products and gave out little brochures which told the qualities that the product had and the proper method of getting a black and shiny hair look. 7. c. i) Media plan of Sunsilk January| February| March| April| May| June| July| August, September, October| November| December| Electronic Media| * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | Print Media (weekly once)| * | * | * | * | * | * | * | | * | * | Billboards| | * | * | | | * | * | | * | * | Giving out free Samples| * | | | | * | | | * | | | Concert| | * | | * | | | | | | * | 7. c. ii) Creating an advertise fo r Sunsilk To create an advertisement is to make people (consumer) informed about a new product. Sometime products which are in market also use advertising to make selling rate high. Creating advertise for Sunsilk has to go through some certain steps to make a fruitful consequence. Such as – Select Objective (depends on product’s life cycle) Initiative or Persuasive or ReminderBudget Slogan Message Emotional / Funny /Rational Appeal / Romance / Entertainment / Fear / Humor Strategy Evaluate Media Reach, Frequency & Impact Alternatives Choosing Among Media Choosing Specific Media Select Specific Time * Step 1 : Select Objective In Selecting Objective steps Sunsilk stay in the ‘Maturity Stage’ of Product Life Cycle which required specific advertising objective ‘Low Persuasive’ Sunsilk Sales & Profit) (Initiative) (High (Low Persuasive) Persuasive) (Reminder) (Time) Product Product Product Product Product Develop Introduction Growth Maturity Decline ‘Low Persuasive’ objective works on – i. Building brand preference, ii. Encouraging switching to Sunsilk brand, iii. Changing customer’s perception of product value, iv. Persuading customers to purchase quick, v.Convince customers to tell others about Sunsilk specially. * Step 2 : Budget Product’s company has to finance a budget. As an international consumer product producing organization under UNILEVER Sunsilk has ability to maintain a high rated budget plan. * Step 3 : Strategy The most critical step of advertising is ‘Strategy’. It contains 2 particular part. Such as – a) Message b) Media a) Message: message contains 2 part called Slogan & Appeal. Slogan – ‘Next Generation’s Shampoo’ Appeal – Sunsilk is a consumer product for hair which has deep emotional & romantic impact on human being. So to create advertise, emotional appeal can be chosen. ) Media : Reach, Frequency & Impact Choosi ng Among Media Choosing Specific Media Select Specific Time Reach, Frequency & Impact – Reach means how much people see the advertise total ; Frquency means how much people see the advertise at one time & Impact is the concequence of the advertisement, which is counted by TRP( Target Rating Program). Choosing Among Media – Media is the via to which advertise will be publish. For Sunsilk advertise media, T. V is the perfact media in case of Bangladesh. Choosing Specific Media – Sunsilk is an advertise for women, who aged 16 to 40. So have to choose those T. V channels which are regular to them.In Bangladesh ntv, Channel i, ETV,Bangla Vision, Channel 1, Machranga t. v, my t. v etc are prefarable for urban area & BTV must be prefarable for rural area. Select Specific Time – Select specific time refers to select that time when the specific audience remains infront of T. V. women generally watch T. V after 3pm to 9. 30pm for movie & daily serials. So Sunsilkâ €™s advertise will telecest in this time mainly. * Step 4 : Evaluate Alternative This step to judge the quality of new advertises. If a positive result come, only then advertise will be telecast. 7. d) Place Distribution Objective: â€Å"To reach as many towns and villages as we can†UNILEVER has 150 distributors whose function is to sell to wholesalers directly. There are different distributors for different areas. They are carefully selected and their performance is constantly evaluated. * Wholesaler, * Merchant, * Broker, * RETAILERS Sunsilk goes to these stages such as- Wholesaler, Merchant, Broker & Retailers through wholesalers. Then they sell Sunsilk products to final customers as consumer product in retail price. Producer (Sunsilk) OR Producer (Sunsilk) (Sell) (Sell) Merchant (value add) Merchant (value add)Wholesaler Wholesaler Brokers (works for commission) Wholesaler Retailer Wholesaler Wholesaler Retailer Wholesaler Retailer Retailer 8. Market Scenario of Suns ilk 8. a) Target Market The main target market of Sunsilk is females between the ages group 16-40 belonging to the lower and middle income classes. But in their promotional activities, they cover the whole market irrespective of these classes. Sunsilk target its market on the basis of consumer buying behavior, income level, and purchasing power of people.For which quantity of the product can be changed according to the income and purchasing power of the consumers as in case of Sunsilk 120ml and 5ml packs are also available to target low income groups. 8. b) Market Share Sunsilk as a market competitor, they are steadily gaining market share. At present market situation is that Sunsilk owns 38% of the total market share. 8. c) Mind Share Too buy shampoo rational consumers firstly think about Sunsilk due to the promotional strategies of Sunsilk. So that Sunsilk rapidly increase their mind share. Figure: Mind Share 8. d) Heart Share Due to reach product and marketing attributes & featur es Sunsilk’s mind share in total competitive market is higher than any other brand. Consumer would like to choose Sunsilk as their first choice. Figure: Heart Share 9.Competitive Strategies of Sunsilk 9. a) Defining the strategic objective: The Sunsilk Shampoo aims at fulfilling the needs of its target market by offering a high quality, assessment of the concept in terms of its acceptability, credibility and perceived benefits, that it offers a healthy choice shampoo alternative to the targeted consumer. The theme of the product shall be anchored around the motto. 9. b) Expanding the Total Market: Sunsilk is very sensitive to increase its market. It’s sometime very challenging for a firm to expand its total market. Sunsilk basically wishes to increase new customer and more usage. 9. b. i) New customersSunsilk is trying to attract buyers who are unaware of the product or who are resisting it because lack of such features. Sunsilk is using market penetration strategy, ne w market segment strategy and geographical expansion strategy for searching new consumers. Very attractive advertising and other propositional activities perform a vital role in this case. 9. b. ii) More usage: Sunsilk recently increase the amount, level and frequency of consumption. It also improves packaging and redesigns the product. It offers larger package sizes and makes the product more available. They emphasize more on marketing program, which inform the consumer about the brand and it frequently develops the product which also spurs new uses. 9. b. iii) Regular Customers:Sunsilk knows that to continue regular customers is more important than to create new customers. So to hold regular customers, Sunsilk is always careful and makes a standard scale of own product. Sunsilk tried hard to situates or if possible as soon as possible increase the standard scale foe regular customers. 9. c) Choosing General Strategy: 9. c. i) Flank Attack: Sunsilk can follow segmental strategy. In market Head & shoulders targeting mainly high and middle class people but big portion in lower class consumer could not adopt their product. So, Sunslik targeting the lower class, who have lower income and launch new product at a lower price. 9. c. i) Frontal Attack: Sunsilk can launch new shampoo combining conditioner, anti-dandruff, and shinning in a one product as follow as Head & Shoulders. 9. C. iii) Bypass Attack: Sunsilk can introduce anti-dandruff shampoo and provide an extra conditioner in a package. 10. Competitive rivalry position of Sunsilk 10. a) Availability of Many/Equally Balance Competitors Sunsilk is no one most important rival of other brands such as, Dove , Head & Shoulder , Clinic All Clear , Pantine , Herbal Essences even Neutregena . But as because Sunsilk has a separate market , these other brands are not able that much to change Sunsilk ‘s market price . EvenSunsilk is a great threat for them. Rate of Sunsilk Users 10. b) Industry growth declines Duri ng the production cycle, a product has to face these following stages: I. Introduction Stage II. Growth Stage III. Maturity Stage IV. Decline Stage Sunsilk has passed its introduction & growth stages successfully, now it is in its maturity stage. As we know that the maturity stage is the most competitive stage in production cycle. Sunsilk has to face a huge challenge in this stage . In maturity stage occasionally the industry growth slows down but sunsilk is able to hold its maturity stage by promoting new versions, new brand ambassador . new advertisement ,new offers etc .Such as , a 200ml Black shine Sunsilk ‘s market price is 140Tk. where as the same amount of (200ml ) Dove shampoo ‘s market price is 170TK. Customers are more biased to buy Sunsilk Black Shine rather than Dove ,though Sunsilk has reached its maturity stage . Maturity Stage of Sunsilk Is The Price Worth? (Market Price Of Sunsilk) . Production Cycle 10. c) BCG Marketing | Low Market Growth| High Market G rowth| HighMarket Share| | | LowMarketShare| | | 10. d) High Fixed Cost & Storage Cost of Sunsilk Sunsilk has 47 years business throughout the world, so it’s fixed cost isn’t too high as well as it’s storage cost is not that much high .And as we know that storage cost is one kind of fixed cost , so it is a advantage or positive power for Sunsilk , because other brands has a high storage cost & fixed cost because they don’t have that much long duration of business life like Sunsilk. 10. e) Low Switching Cost of Sunsilk Sunsilk can be differentiating easily from other brands, because it has separate fragrance, separate color, most of all it has separate position in market as a well known shampoo. Sunsilk’s switching cost is also very high there is no chance to increase its competitive rivalry by lacking of differentiation opportunities or low switching cost. 11. Threat of Substitution Product of SunsilkThe threat of substitute products is the extent to which alternative products or services may supplant or diminish the need for existing products or services. 11. a) Buyer’s Low Switching Cost As we know that 200ml Sunsilk shampoo’s market price is 140Tk, where as Dove 200ml‘s price is 170 TK . So , we can see that buyers find Sunsilk more cheaper than Dove and other brands. Actually Sunsilk is a threat of substitute products to other brands. Sunsilk| Cost| **| Dove| Cost| 200ml| 140/=| **| 200ml| 170/=| 700ml| 500/=| **| 700ml| 600/=| Mini pack| 2/=| **| Mini pack| 3/=| 11. b) Substitute Product’s Price is Lower This problem occurs if the other branded shampoo has cheaper market price than Sunsilk.So buyers are getting more attraction to buy other brands rather than Sunsilk shampoo in market. 11. c) Substitution Product’s Quality & Performance is Greater / Equal to Existence Product It will be a threat for Sunsilk if other brands will have better quality than Sunsilk. To avoid this threat Sunsil k often offers new innovation on its production policy. Such as, Sunsilk made a deal with 7 famous hair experts of the world . This was a great attraction to the buyers. Buyers have found that no other brands offered such an excellent opportunity to beautify their hair condition. So a huge number of buyers continued to use Sunsilk & shift from other brands to Sunsilk. 12. THE POWER OF BUYERSThe power of buyers is the extent to which buyers of any product or services in an industry have the ability to influence the suppliers of that product or services. The bargaining position of buyers changes with time and a company’s (and industry's) competitive strategy. The buyer's power is significant for Sunsilk because when the power of buyers increase, buyers can force prices down, demand higher quality products or services and in essence, play competitors against one another, all resulting in potential loss of industry profits. Buyers exercise more power when – 12. a) Buyers a re larger and few in number In case of ‘Sunsilk product’ the buyers are larger and few in number mean the number of buyers is few but they purchase in a huge numbers. This situation does not occur normally.Because buyers (consumer) of Sunsilk are not few and do not buy in large amount. Buyers are large in number and they buy in small amount for them. This is an advantage for Sunsilk product and a disadvantage for buyers. 12. b) Buyers Purchase a Large Portion of an Industry’s Total Output In this situation buyer buy a large portion of the whole output of the industry. It automatically makes the buyer powerful. Here the buyers mean the shopkeepers who bought in a large amount for sell from Sunsilk. They can force prices down, demand higher quality products or services, in essence play competitors against one another, all resulting in potential loss of industry profits.But in case of Sunsilk there is no chance to happen this situation because Sunsilk has a lot of b uyers who purchase in huge volume. This is an advantage for Sunsilk. 12. C) Buyers switching costs low When other competitive product’s costs lower than Sunsilk, it is easy to switch to another product. But it cannot happen because Sunsilk gives the best quality shampoo in fewer prices at the same amount. For example here we compare dove shampoo’s price with Sunsilk shampoo. 12. d) Buyers can pose threat to integrate backward into Seller’s Industry Buyers can pose threat to integrate backward into the seller’s industry if buyers worked as a group.Group of buyers can act threat to integrate backward into the industry. Sunsilk has individual buyers, so there is no chance to face any threat from buyers for Sunsilk and it is also an advantage for this industry which is a disadvantage to its buyers. At last it is to analyze that Sunsilk is a large and famous industry and for these qualifications and financial capability Sunsilk can overcome the power of buyers . 13. THE POWER OF SUPPLIERS 13. a) Suppliers are large and few in number It means the number of suppliers is few but they supply in a huge numbers. When this situation occurred suppliers must increase their demand against the buyer (industry), so the industry faces lose at large.But it is not possible with Sunsilk because as a large industry Sunsilk keeps the number of suppliers many and they supply in small amount. So there is no way to exercise more power to suppliers of Sunsilk. It is an advantage to Sunsilk and a disadvantage to suppliers. 13. b) Suitable Substitution Products Are Not Available Suitable substitution products are not available described the situation when there are lack of substitution products. Sunsilk use many ingredients in making, so when this situation occurs Sunsilk must switch to another substitution. Such as Sunsilk use ‘chemical essence’ for smell and this ingredient is available all time because any supplier can supply it.Or if the lack of substitution product happens anyhow, Sunsilk switch to other chemical essence or something else which can fulfill Sunsilk product’s requirement. So Sunsilk never give chance to become the suppliers powerful 13. c) Individual Buyers Are Not Large Customers of Suppliers When any producer purchases ingredients from suppliers, he becomes a buyer of those suppliers and if the buyer purchase at low volume he does not get any advantage from suppliers. In case of Sunsilk, it needs huge volume of ingredients from suppliers as buyer. So there is no way to be ignored by suppliers when the buyer is the famous & large Sunsilk. 13. d) Suppliers Goods Are Critical to Buyer’s SuccessThe main ingredient supplier of any product is called critical supplier of that product. For assumption we take the Sunsilk Co-Creation Stunning Black Shine Shampoo, which use many chamials as main ingredient such asS204, sodium loreth sulphet, carbomied, panthalon etc and it is easy to get that ingredien t’s supply and also supplier. So critical supplier’s good cannot create any harm to Sunsilk. 13. e) Supplier’s Products Create High Switching Cost Supplier’s products create high switching cost means industry needs to pay more if wants to switch to another supplier. In case of sunsilk this problem does not occur. There is a lot of suppliers for supplier’s product of Sunsilk because of being a large and famous industry.So there is no chance of high switching cost of supplier’s product. 13. f) Suppliers Can Pose Threat to Forward Integration to Buyer’s Industry Suppliers can pose threat to integrate to the buyer’s industry if suppliers worked as a group. Group of suppliers can act threat to integrate to the buyer’s industry. Sunsilk has individual suppliers, so there is no chance to face any threat from suppliers for Sunsilk and it is also an advantage for this industry which is a disadvantage to its suppliers. At last it is to analyze that Sunsilk is a large and famous industry and for these qualifications and financial capability Sunsilk can overcome the power of suppliers. 14. SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis is the easiest way to find out the Strengths, Weakness, and Opportunities & Threats of any industry. As an international company Sunsilk has also those. This analysis identified the ‘Strengths’ to fill the ‘Weakness’ of industry. to make the proper use of ‘Opportunity’ and create consciousness for the ‘Threats’ in industry. SWOT analysis of Sunsilk is – 14. a) STRENGTHES * UNILEVERs Limited is one of the largest organizations in India. * Company has advanced technology and well skilled professionals. * The New Sunsilk Shampoo is a high quality product in terms of hair protection. * The target market is educated, professionals and belongs to premium and middle class. Company totally owned, systematic distribution network, transparent communi cation system. * Participative management style * Very good distribution network all over India, in all major and small cities. 14. b) WEAKNESSES * Competitor has strong promotional activities. * Customers are offered better alternatives by the competition. * Advertisement flaws- * Devaluation of product * Product’s quality loses its values * Poor promotion of free samples * No unique identification of product 14. c) OPPORTUNITIES * Population expanding at a rapid rate. * Consumers are becoming more quality conscious * Current capacity utilization is 80%, which can be further broadened with the increase in demand. Customer base is increasing with effective marketing. * Baby shampoo is another area where HINDUSTAN UNILEVERs can make huge gains. * Shampoo plus conditioner and anti-dandruff shampoos are another area where UNILEVER can earn huge profits. * Rural areas are a large prospective market where they can introduce Sunsilk. 14. d) THREATS * Political and Economic factors. * Partial Government policies. * High rate of competition. * Local and Foreign competition. 15. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The Sunsilk is a global company and each country has own culture, so Sunsilk should drive according to local preferences and needs because it is really necessary in today economic crisis to capture huge market share.Sunsilk can arise and ensure social responsibility in the society, so they would establish themselves in customer mind and customer would be loyal about Sunsilk. To ensure social responsibility and highlighting benefits they provide Sunsilk can raise their revenue. Sunsilk must focus on social responsibility, to maintain image among customers, mainly advertisement covers huge expenses of Sunsilk, but we recommend them to cut their advertisement expenditures, in the economic crisis and should more focus on social responsibility. To ensure social responsibility and highlighting benefits they provide Sunsilk can raise their revenue. Figure: Sales revenue and s ocial responsibility 2. People are familiar with Sunsilk, however they are not interested in whether it is a unilever product or not.Through extensive marketing methods unilever should make people aware of the fact that it is a Unilever Product and not just any product so that the brand loyalty increases and people purchase its product due to its brand name and not just the product name. 16. Conclusion Sunsilk has huge potential of rural market 72% of total population but not yet develop a successful strategy to penetrate this market. The success of Sunsilk emulated which captured the rural market by two strategies- Develop strong distribution structure and Adopting packaging and pricing. Sunsilk increase buying of raw material so that it does not have to suffer devolution and continuously increase in tariff rates.They introduced a smaller 100mi pack of Sunsilk in order to capture lower income segment. Sunsilk enter into web marketing. They should increase frequencies of advertising by electronic and print media. They should introduce 2 in 1 shampoo plus conditioner which demand huge potential market. Finally, taking everything in account we can say that if Sunsilk emphasize more on social responsibility and create more attractive marketing programs, they can grab huge number of customers. 17. Annexure * www. unilever. com * www. unilever. com. pk * www. millwardbrown. com * www. google. com * www. wikipedia. com * www. ac. com * Unilever financial statement 2007-08 * www. scribd. com * www. slideshare. net